Researchers Use Brain Cells to Control Aging in Mice
It is a question people have been asking for—well-- ages. Is there a way to turn back the aging process in people?
For centuries, people have been looking for a “fountain of youth.” The idea is that if you find a magical fountain, and drink from its waters, you will not age.
Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León searched for waters with magical powers in the early 1500s. But what he found instead is the American state of Florida.
Researchers in New York did not find an actual fountain of youth, but they may have found a way to turn back the aging process. It appears the answer may be hidden right between your eyes, in an area called the hypothalamus.
turn back (갔던 길을) 되돌아오다/~을 되돌리다[되돌려 보내다] / aging process 노화 과정 / fountain of youth 청춘의 샘, 불로천(不老泉)(청춘을 되찾게 해준다는 유럽 전설에 나오는 신비의 샘). / Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León 후안 폰세 데 레온(스페인 탐험가이자 정복자) / hypothalamus 시상의 아래쪽에서 뇌하수체로 이어지는 부분이다. 사람 뇌의 아랫면에 보이는 시신경교차에서 유두체에 이르는 사이가 시상하부이다.
Researchers at New York’s Albert Einstein College of Medicine found that hypothalamus neural stem cells also influence how fast aging takes place in the body.
reproduction 생식, 번식 / Albert Einstein College of Medicine 알베르트 아인슈타인 의과대학 / neural stem cell 신경줄기세포 / takes place 일어나다, 발생하다
What are stem cells? They are simple cells that can develop into specialized cells, like blood or skin cells. Stem cells can also repair damaged tissues and organs.
Dongsheng Cai is a professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He was the lead researcher in a study on aging in mice. He and his team reported their findings in the journal Nature.
stem cell 줄기세포(모든 조직세포로 분화할 수 있는 능력을 지닌 세포들의 기원이 되는 세포) / tissue (세포들로 이뤄진) 조직 / organ 장기 / lead researcher 수석 연구원 / findings (조사·연구 등의) 결과[결론]
the journal Nature
네이처 출판그룹(Nature Publishing Group)에서 발행하는 과학 전문 주간지
1869년 영국의 천문학자 로키어(Joseph Norman Lockyer)가 창간하였다. 미국과학진흥협회(AAAS)에서 발행하는 《사이언스 Science》와 함께 세계 과학저널의 쌍두마차로 불릴 만큼 과학계에 미치는 영향력이 크다. 내용은 물리학·의학·생물학·화학·우주과학 등 과학 전반을 다루며, 매년 1,000편 안팎의 논문을 게재한다.
Cai explains what they found.
"Aging speed is controlled, can be controlled by a particular place in the body, which is the hypothalamus. And it can be controlled by a particular type of cells, which are hypothalamus stem cells. I think these findings are quite interesting, potentially even remarkable."
He adds that when the hypothalamus starts aging, so does the body.
"So when hypothalamus function is in decline, particularly the loss of hypothalamus stem cells, and this protection against the aging development is lost, it eventually leads to aging."
Using this information, the researchers began trying to activate, or energize, the hypothalamus in laboratory mice. They did this by injecting the animals with stem cells.
controlled 억제된, 관리[통제, 지배]된 / hypothalamus stem cells 뇌의 시상하부에 있는 줄기세포 / potentially 어쩌면(…일지도 모를) / remarkable 주목할 만한, 두드러진, 놀랄 만한 / in decline 기울어, 쇠퇴하여 / activate 작동시키다; 활성화시키다 / energize 활기 있게 하다 / inject 〔액체 따위〕를 (…에) 주입하다, 주사하다
Later, the researchers examined tissues and tested for changes in behavior. They looked for changes in the strength and coordination of the animals’ muscles. They also studied the social behavior and cognitive ability of the mice.
The researchers say the results show that the treatment slowed aging in the animals.
Cai says injecting middle-aged mice with stem cells from younger mice helped the older animals live longer.
"When we injected the hypothalamus stem cells, which were derived from young mice, we injected them to the middle-aged mice and that was, in fact, to slow down aging. So the mouse aged slowly and they also have increased their lifespan, which is longevity."
coordination (신체 동작의) 조정력 / social behavior 사회적 행동(어떤 행동자(개인·집단)가 다른 행동자에게 영향을 주는 행동) / cognitive ability 인지 능력 / treatment 치료, 처치 / middle-aged 중년의, 초로의 / slow down 느긋해지다, [속도·진행]을 늦추다 / lifespan 수명 / longevity 장수, 오래 지속됨
But these results were just from studying mice in a laboratory. If the mice can live longer, does that mean people could have longer lives? The next step is to see if the anti-aging effects also work in human beings.
"If we can translate what we have seen in animals to humans, I think humans, they can function better during later ages, later stage of aging."
Cai and his team say their studies may have other benefits. They say the findings could lead to new ways to help doctors identify and treat any number of age-related health issues.
Words in This Story
fountain – n. a device or structure that sends a stream of water into the air in a garden, park, etc 샘; 수원(水源), 분수
neural – adj. of, relating to, or involving a nerve or the nervous system 신경(계통)의
remarkable – adj. unusual or surprising : likely to be noticed 주목할 만한, 두드러진, 놀랄 만한
function – n. the job or duty of a person (사람・사물의) 기능, 작용, 목적, 구실
coordination – n. the process of organizing people or groups so that they work together properly and well 1. 조직(화); 합동; 조화 2. (신체 동작의) 조정력
cognitive – adj. of, relating to, or involving conscious mental activities (such as thinking, understanding, learning, and remembering) (지각·기억·판단·추리 등의) 지적·정신적 작용의[에 관한], 인식[인지]의
benefit – n. a good or helpful result or effect 혜택, 이득
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